During this Day, the Cap^t sent on board,
six young Sheep, likewise a lot of [tooltip color=”grey” text=”A swede or yellow turnip.”] Sweedish Turnips [/tooltip],
and some Hay

There was a deluge of Rain, all last Night, accomp^d with
uncommon heavy [tooltip color=”grey” text=”A squall is a sudden, sharp increase in wind speed.”] Squalls [/tooltip], indeed so excessively hard, has
the Wind been blowing, the last two Nights and Yest^dy that
even in this well shelter’d Harbour, several Ships have
brought home their Anchor’s, and drifted to [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Windward is the direction from which the wind is coming. Leeward is the opposite direction, away from the wind.”] leeward [/tooltip], where
they have had to let go, the second One  ____   however the
“John Pirie”, has rode out the Gale in safety, by only one
Anchor being down, and without ever moving from the first
situation, in which She was placed    ______    The Weather
has now become quite moderate, but two of our Sheep, have
caught very bad Cold’s, and are removed to the [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Livestock on board were normally kept in pens on deck. Any needing to recover from exposure during severe weather might have been transferred to the between-decks. While loosely described as a ‘hospital’, it was in no sense a formal one.”] Hospital [/tooltip],
(a place we have partitioned off, from the others) where
they can be better attended too, and made more comfortable,
than being amongst those, that are healthy   _______

There being a fine Breeze, from the S,E, this Morng we
got under weigh, at Daylight, and proceeded to Sea,
in company with several other, outward bound Vessels,
______

_______    There has been a great deal of Rain, during the
Night, and 2 A,M, the Wind shifted round to the Northward
in a fine Breeze, but which only lasted untill Noon,
when it fell nearly a Calm, and at 4 PM, a steady
Breeze again sprang up from W,S,W, but a strong Sea,
still coming from N,W, causes the Vessel to labour very
much, and has prevented the Sheep getting any rest in
their Pen’s since Yest^dy morn^g, besides making several
of the Passenger’s squeamish     _____________

___   There has been a tremendious high and cross Sea, all
Night, with heavy Squalls of Wind, from N,W, by N,
accomp^d by pelting showers of Hail, and Rain,  _______
All our live Stock seem very much distress’d, for
the want of rest, and one of the Rabbits brought forth
six young One’s, during the Night, all of which were
dead   _______

The beginning of last Night, was nearly a Calm, which contd until 3, A,M, when a fine Breeze sprang up from S,W, and the Sea is much fallen, but at Noon, the Wind increased to a fresh Breeze, with hazy Weather, and at 4, P,M, our Capt thinking we should not be far from the […]

We had a high Wind all last Night, accompd with heavy Showers of Hail, and at 6 A,M, it Westward, but still blew very strong in the Squalls, and we had got so far to leeward of Plymouth, as to be unable to reach that Port, however we got a Dartmouth Pilot when off the […]

Most of our People, went on Shore to Church, this Morng, but Stephen Sessions never came back to the Ship, so that I think, the uncommon severe Weather, that we have experienced, must have terrified him from proceeding further on the Voyage, as he always behaved himself very well, and seem’d to be an honest, […]

This Morn^g Lloyd’s Surveyor, and two other Gentlemen,
came on board, to look at the Damage, our Vessel had
received in the late tremendious Gale’s, and found that
amongst other disasters, the Fore-top-Mast was [tooltip color=”grey” text=”‘Sprung’ is the past participle of ‘spring’. In respect of the John Pirie’s Fore-top-Mast, the word ‘sprung’ refers to the mast being split or cracked during the storm it experienced.”] sprung [/tooltip],
and in the Afternoon sent Workmen to commence repairs __
At 2, P,M, we were very much surprised, at receiving
a visit from S^l Stephens Esq^r C.M. who had left the
Duke of York in Tor Bay, which is not more than
5 Miles distant from this place and where She has been
all the late bad Weather, but has broke her [tooltip color=”grey” text=”A machine with a horizontal axle for hauling or hoisting: in this case it refers to the device used to hoist the anchor on the John Pirie. A windlass is different from a capstan, which has a vertical axle.”] Windlass [/tooltip], and
lost an Anchor,  _________  The Weather is very fine to
Day, with a gentle Air of Wind, from the Northward  ___

There has been a fresh Breeze of Wind, all this Day, from S,W, accompd with a great deal of Rain

We have had variable Weather since Tuesday, and we sent our 5 remaining Sheep, on Shore this Morng to recover themselves a little from the effects of the late disastrous Weather, which has made them very sickly, and weak  ___________

Several of our People went on Shore, to Church, during the Day,  _______  Two of the Crew had got on Shore last Night, and no doubt have absconded, one of them is the Cook, the other is an able Seaman, call’d James Cantilian  ____________

During this Afternoon we got on board, 2 Rams
2 Ewes, 1 Sow, 1 Boar, and 4 small pork Pigs,
also a lot of Fowls, and 3 Turkeys, besides 3 Bags
of Oats, 3 Bags of Barley, and a quantity of [tooltip color=”grey” text=”A swede or yellow turnip.”] Swe-
-dish Turnips [/tooltip]  _____________

Yestdy we got on board 11 Bundles of Hay, and this Afternoon have got back the 5 Ewes, that were sent on Shore to recruit themselves, but one of the poor Animals is in a most deplorable condition, being as lean as Wood, and so very lame’d that it can scarcely put a Foot to […]

The repairs of our Vessel being completed, and every
thing got on board, with two fresh Sailor’s, and a Cook,
to fill the situations of those who decamp’d (but no One
in the room of Stephen Sessions), we [tooltip color=”grey” text=”When the crew weigh anchor they raise or lift it from the ocean floor so they can put the ship in motion.”] weigh’d Anchor [/tooltip] at
10½, A,M, and proceeded to Sea once more, with the Wind
from S,S,W, which cont^d until 5, P,M when a fine
Breeze sprang up from the Northward, and remain’d so
all Night  ________  In the Afternoon our Cap^t order’d the
Ewe to be kill’d, which I spoke of Yest^dy, as it was in
extreme Misery, and at 4 P,M, one of the Turkey’s,
unfortunately flew overboard and was drown’d  _____

The Wind still remains Northerly, and at 9, A,M, we saw the Lizard Point, about 10 Miles distant  _________

The Wind contd from the North all Night, but at 4, A,M, it veer’d round to N,W, which remain’d untill Noon, and then again backed to the Northward, in a gentle Breeze, that lasted all Day  ____________

The Weather has been very fine since Monday, with light Airs of Wind, veering about from North, to W,S,W, and sometimes nearly a Calm, until 6, P,M, when a clever Breeze sprang up from N,N,E  _________

The Wind cont^d all Night from N,E, but at Day-light
it lower’d into a gentle Air, which kept shifting about
from North to West, all Day  _______  At 6, P,M, we
came in sight of part of a Wreck, consisting of a
lower Mast, and [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Yards are horizontal poles that are suspended from the masts to support and spread the square sails. They are basically set square to the ship’s centre line but the angle can be adjusted to suit the direction of the wind.”] Yard [/tooltip], a top Mast and Yard,  ___  with
a few Spar’s,  ___  round Top,  ___  and the remnant of
Sails, Rigging, &c, all of which had no doubt,
been carried away from some unfortunate Vessel, in
the awful Gales of the 27^th, 28^th,, [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Ult is short for Ultimo which means ‘of last month’.”] Ul^t [/tooltip], We took only
One Spar, as our Decks, are already too much [tooltip color=”grey” text=”‘Lumbered’ is an informal term mainly used in Britain to refer to someone being burdened with a thing, or things, unwanted. In shipping terminology, ‘much lumbered’ or ‘lumbered with’ were sometimes used to describe the state of decks that had become cluttered with cargo and other objects during storms.”] lumber^d [/tooltip],
for stowing any more,  __  but they will be a good prize, to
a Ship, that can make room for them  __________

The weather has cont^d uncommon fine since Thursday,
and Wind veering about from West, to North, sometimes
being a smart Breeze, and at other times nearly a [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Without wind.”] Calm [/tooltip],
At Noon we [tooltip color=”grey” text=”To speak a ship is to communicate with it by voice or signals”] spoke [/tooltip] a Schooner, call’d the New-Jane,
of Plymouth, bound to Liverpool, the Cap^t of which
promised to [tooltip color=”grey” text=”To record meeting another ship upon arrival in port. In one case, the South Australian Company Directors learnt at their meeting of 17 May that the John Pirie had been encountered on 23 April in latitude 42E north, longitude 12E west.”] report [/tooltip] us, on his arrival there  _____

We have had a remarkable clever Breeze, all last
Night, and to Day, from N,E, which has sent our
Vessel along at the Rate of 6, and 8 [tooltip color=”grey” text=”The speed of ship or wind in nautical miles per hour. A float is dropped overboard and the speed is indicated by the rate at which the ship sails away from it. Spacing of knots in the log-line connected to the float is in same proportion to a mile as the half-minute sandglass used is to an hour, thus the number knots counted off in the time is the speed in knots”] Knots [/tooltip] an Hour  _____

The Weather has remain’d uncommonly fine since Sunday,
accomp^d with a smart Breeze from N,E, and at Day
light this Morng we could just discern the tops of
the high Lands, in the Island of Porto-Santo,
shortly after which, saw the Island of Madeira, and
before it was dark, passed through between them, keep-
ing Porto-Santo, with a few Islands called the
Desertas, on our [tooltip color=”grey” text=”The old term for the left hand side of a ship looking forward. The right hand side is starboard. To avoid mis-hearing an order, it is now referred to as ‘port’.”] larboard [/tooltip], and Madeira on the [tooltip color=”grey” text=”The starboard is the right side of a ship or a boat perceived by a person on board facing the bow (front).The left side was originally called ‘larboard’ but in the early nineteenth century that term was replaced by ‘port’ to avoid the crew mis-hearing an order. The change was made official in 1844.”] star-
board [/tooltip] Side  _______  In the grey of the Even^g we got
sight of a Whale, about 3 Miles from us, it was spou-
-ting up Water to a great height in the Air  _______

There is less Wind to Day, than has been for the last few Days, but it still continues from N,E, and the Weather feels so much warmer, that we had the Wool cliped off our Sheep this Morng ___________

At Noon we saw the Island of Palma, it was then nearly abeam of us on the larboard side, and about 20 Miles, distant  _____  There has been a gentle little Breeze all last Night and to Day, but which still remains right Aft, and sends us along, at the Rate of 4, or 5, Miles […]

This Morng all the Chests, Bedding, &c, belonging
to the Passenger’s, were got upon Deck to Air, and
in the mean time the [tooltip color=”grey” text=”The area of between-decks occupied by steerage passengers, that is, those travelling at the cheapest rate.”] Steerage [/tooltip] was thoroughly cleansed,
as the Weather is now getting very warm  _______

We have had beautiful Weather, with a moderate Breeze from the N,E, since Saturday, but which increased last Night to a fine fresh Breeze from E,N,E, and has contd all this Day, sending our Vessel along, at the Rate of 6, and 8, Knots an Hour, and as we were in between 22E, and 23E, […]

We have had a smart Breeze from E,N,E, since Tuesday with delightful Weather, and this Day at Noon, were abreast of St Antonio, one of the Cape Verd, Islands which was about 15 Miles distant, on the larboard Side, we then had a Calm, that contd for about an Hour, after which a clever Breeze […]

There has been a fresh Breeze all Night from E,N,E,
and at 8, A,M, took a [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Seafarers reduce sails in strong winds so that ships can move more safely and comfortably. Sails are made with rows of small ropes attached to them and these are tied around spars to reduce the amount of sail exposed to the wind. The amount of sail taken in by securing one set of ropes is called a reef. The action of reducing sails is called reefing and the knot that is used to tie the ropes is called a reef knot. In light winds all the reefs are taken out and the full size of the sail is exposed to draw full power from the wind.”] reef [/tooltip] in the [tooltip color=”grey” text=”The top sail on a foremast.”] Fore-top Sail [/tooltip], for the
first time since leaving Dartmouth, and at 11, A,M, had
the Islands of Brava and Fogo, (two of the Cape Verde)
right abeam of us, the former about 20, and the latter
40 Miles distant, on the larboard Side, it then fell
[tooltip color=”grey” text=”Without wind.”] Calm [/tooltip], and remain’d so untill the Even^g, during which,
the heat was excessive  ____  We saw a great number
of [tooltip color=”grey” text=”A family of marine fish (Exocoetidae family) consisting on some 64 species. The species’ defining feature is their wing-like pectoral fins used for gliding above the water’s surface for up to 50 metres. Flying fish live in all oceans, but are particularly prevalent in warm tropical and sub-tropical waters.”] flying Fish [/tooltip], this Morn^g and in the Afternoon were
follow’d by a Shark, that broke two fishing Lines, and
a strong Hook, when One of the Sailors found a proper
Shark-hook, on to which he put a piece of Pork,
for Bait, and gave it to the [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Short for Captain.”] Cap^t [/tooltip], who in his eagerness
to catch the Fish, did not notice, that there was no Line
made fast to it, but immediately threw it overboard, which
caused a hearty Laugh, and most probably saved the Sharks
life, for we could not find another One, strong enough
to hold him   ___________

At 11, O’Clock last Night a gentle Air sprang up from E,N,E, which at 8, A,M, had increased to a smart Breeze that contd all this Day,  _______   We have seen an im- -mense number of flying Fish, during the Day, three or four of which, flew upon our Decks, they were follow’d by several […]

There has been a light Air of Wind, all Night, from E,N,E,
but at 8, A,M, it became quite [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Without wind.”] Calm [/tooltip], and the heat was
really intolerable untill 2, P,M, at which time, a gentle Breeze
sprang up again from E,N,E, which made it a little more
cool, but at 6, P,M, we had another [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Without wind.”] Calm [/tooltip]   ______   Most of
the Passengers have slept upon Deck, every Night, for
the last Week, as the [tooltip color=”grey” text=”The area of between-decks occupied by steerage passengers, that is, those travelling at the cheapest rate.”] Steerage [/tooltip] is like a hot Oven,  ______
We have seen a great number of [tooltip color=”grey” text=”A porpoise is a small marine mammal related to whales and dolphins. The word ‘porpoise’ has sometimes been used by sailors and fishermen to refer to any small dolphin.”] Porpoises [/tooltip], and other large
Fish, swiming about the Vessel, for several Days past, but
have never been able to catch One, untill this Morn^g, when
at 6, O’Clock, (having made a Shark-hook out of an Iron
Bolt,) we had the pleasure to haul in One of these voracious
Animals, which was afterwards Cook’d, and consider’d a great
treat by the People, who it served to every Meal, du-
-ring the Day   _____________

…   On Saturday Night, and
last Night, there was a great deal of Lightning, with
a little Thunder, and some Rain, which is the first
we have had since leaving England, but at 5, P,M,
there was a heavy Shower, so that the Passengers got
a quantity to Wash their Clothing with   _________
At 9, A,M, saw a Vessel a long way Astern, for which
we shortend Sail, and at 4, P,M, she came up to us,
and proved to be a fine Dutch [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Ships were generally classed by the way they were rigged for sail. A bark (also spelt barque) had: three masts, square sails on the front or forward mast square sails on the middle or main mast, and fore-and-aft sails on the back or mizzen mast. They were relatively small sailing ships in the 1830s.”]Barque[/tooltip], well Arm’d
call’d the Maria, and bound to Batavia, there were
several Soldiers on board of her   _________

We have had light, variable spots of Wind, and Calm’s during the Night, but at 7, A,M, a clever Breeze, arose from the S,S,E, that has lasted the whole Day, and cool’d the Air considerably   _______

We have contd to enjoy a fine Breeze, since Tuesday, varying from S,S,E to South, and at 8, O’Clock, last Night, cross’d the Equinoctial Line, in about 18E30′, West Long, and without any of us undergoing the Shaving operation, but instead of which, the People got each a Glass of Grog, this Afternoon   _______ At […]

The Wind and Weather, has remain’d much about the same, as is mention’d on Saturday, untill this Afternoon, when it became Squally, and accompd by heavy Showers of Rain, during which the Wind kept shifting from South, to E,S,E, but toward Eveng it settled into a fine steady Breeze from S,E, with clear Weather   __________

The Wind has cont^d from the S,Eastward, since Tuesday,
accomp^d with most beautiful Weather   _______
This Afternoon a disagreeable Quarrel took place between
M^r Davies, (our [tooltip color=”grey” text=”First officer directly coming under the command of the captain. Ships’ Mates were responsible for supervising watches, crew, navigation and safety equipment, and sometimes even served as the ship’s doctor.”] chief Mate [/tooltip]) and the Carpenter,  ___
It appears the latter wanted some Nails, when the Mate
told him to be more careful of the [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Provision of food, drink, medical comforts, and equipment for all passengers and crew to survive the voyage.”] Ships Stores [/tooltip], and
charged him with having rec^d a great many things in
London, of which he could give no account, this was
passionately denied by the Carpenter, and caused very
angry Words, that soon produced Blows, however they
were parted without having hurt each other much, after
which Cap^t Martin coincided with the Mate, and blamed
the Carpenter for not fulfiling his duty, in many respects,
but all of which the latter strongly denied, and complain’d
of having rec^d very hard usage, ever since leaving England,
however, after making use of very strong Language, to each
other, they separated mutually displeased   _________

We have had a clever little Breeze from S,E, since Thursday and very fine Weather, until yestdy Eveng at 6, O’Clock, when it became rather Squally, accompd by heavy Showers of Rain, and this Morng, at 8, O’Clock, a reef was taken in the Fore top Sail, as the Wind had then increased to a […]

There was a strong Breeze all last Night, from
E,S,E, and during which the [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Rather than a foresail permanently secured to the fore yard, the John Pirie had a square-sail which was hoisted to the yard when required.”] Square-sail [/tooltip], & [tooltip color=”grey” text=”A triangular sail carried on a rope stay running between the foremast and the jib boom, an extension of the bowsprit.”] Jib [/tooltip], were
taken in,  and [tooltip color=”grey” text=”The mainsail is the lowest sail on the mainmast, as is the fore-sail on the foremast.”] Main sail [/tooltip] [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Seafarers reduce sails in strong winds so that ships can move more safely and comfortably. Sails are made with rows of small ropes attached to them and these are tied around spars to reduce the amount of sail exposed to the wind. The amount of sail taken in by securing one set of ropes is called a reef. The action of reducing sails is called reefing and the knot that is used to tie the ropes is called a reef knot. In light winds all the reefs are taken out and the full size of the sail is exposed to draw full power from the wind.”] reef’d [/tooltip], as our Vessel labour’d very
heavy, against an uncommon strong head Sea, which
causes her to leak very much indeed,   ___   At 10, A,M,
while most of our People were assembled on the [tooltip color=”grey” text=”The quareterdeck was the deck between the main mast and the back of the ship.It was sometimes raised to give more headroom to the cabins below it. In sailing ships the quarterdeck was the place from which the captain commanded the ship.It was the custom in most ships that only officers would use the quarterdeck. The crew would only go there for specific duties or to take instructions.”] Quarter deck [/tooltip],
it being the dryest place on the Decks, Our Vessel was struck
by the [tooltip color=”grey” text=”A descriptive term for a sharp crest resulting from two waves crossing each other, just as it can apply to the elevated region where several mountain-chains meet.”] Knot of a Sea [/tooltip], that came right over this favourite
Spot, giving all of us a regular good ducking, but the
poor Tom-Cat, got such a fright by the shock, as to jump
from the weather side of the Deck, clean over the lee [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Sides of a ship raised above deck level to protect objects and crew.”] Bulwark [/tooltip]
into the Sea, where he met a water’y Grave   ________
At Noon the Wind became more moderate, and at 11, P,M,
after a pelting Shower of Rain, it shifted to about due
East, and clear Weather

The Wind has contd from due East, since Monday Night, accompd with fine Weather, untill this Eveng at 8, O’Clock, when it became Squally, with heavy Rain, that lasted untill 10, P,M, and then again clear’d up,  _______

We have had very fine Weather, since the Rain, last Night
and this Morn^g was beautifully clear and bright, but at
7, A,M, a brawl took place in the [tooltip color=”grey” text=”The area of between-decks occupied by steerage passengers, that is, those travelling at the cheapest rate.”] Steerage [/tooltip], between
M^rs Chandler, and the Mess^rs Powell, in which the
most disgusting and aggravating Language, was made
use of by both Parties, towards each other, at length
Cha^s Chandler (who had been on Deck, during all this uproar)
went down to them, and endeavourd to get his Wife pacified,
but it was all in vain, for shortly afterwards She came upon
Deck, with a Bundle of Clothes in her Arm’s, and made
towards the Ship’s side, threatening to drown herself, but
was prevented doing so, by the Captain catching hold of her,
and was made to go below again by the assistance of her
Husband, but while we were at Breakfast, the Helmsman
alarm’d us very much, by crying Out, that a Woman had
jump’d overboard, when rushing upon Deck, we saw
the poor miserable Wretch strugling in the Sea, astern
of the Vessel, when immediately tacking Ship, we suc-
-ceeded in getting her aboard again, but almost in a
lifeless state, having been in the Water, at least 10, minutes,
however the usual remedies for recovering Person’s, apparantly
drown’d, were made use of, and I am happy to say, they
had the desired affect, for She is greatly recover’d, although
still uncommonly Weak, with severe pains in her inside,
and likewise in her Head   _______   It appears that while
we were in the Cabin, she took the opportunity of coming
on Deck, with the Bundle still in her Arm’s, and went
to the fore part of the Vessel, in a terrible rage, but
at which both her Husband, and others who were present,
took little notice, thinking the Woman, could not actually
mean to destroy herself, however, when at the [tooltip color=”grey” text=”The shrouds supporting the masts pass over channels, broad planks projecting out from the ship’s side, and are tied back to the hull with chains. Thus it is for instance convenient to stand on the channel ‘in the chains’ when finding the depth of water. “] fore-Chains [/tooltip]
She suddenly stop’d, threw the Bundle overboard, and
giving a momentary glance at Chandler, She sprang
over the [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Sides of a ship raised above deck level to protect objects and crew.”] Bulwark [/tooltip] herself,  to the horror, and amazement
of all who beheld the sight,   ________    The temper of
this Woman is most violent, and when in a passion, She
is shockingly wicked, while her Husband, Cha^s Chandler,
appears to be a very decent, quiet, sort of Man, for whom
I am truly sorry, but yet, She is not without some
good properties, having always taken great pains to
keep both herself and Children, neat and clean, but She
is now with scarsely a Rag to put on her Back, having
thrown almost the whole of her Clothes into the Sea, that
no other Woman (her Husband might take to Wife) should
have the satisfaction of wearing them, after She was
gone, they have four fine Children, the oldest of which
is a little Girl 10, years of Age, and the youngest about
about 12 Months   __________
At Noon we got sight of the Island of Trinidad
right ahead, bearing about S,W by S, and not less
than 50 Miles distant   ___   The Wind has been va-
-rying since Noon, with light Airs, from E,S,E to South,

The same kind of light variable Winds, has contd all Night and the whole of this Day, as we had Yestdy __   at 4 A M were abreast of Trinidad, passing it to the Westward, this is a small uninhabited barren Island, situated in 20E32′ S, Lat, and 29E9’ West Long, at 6, P,M, it bore […]

We still cont^d to have light and variable Winds to the
close of this Day  __   but at 8, A,M, were within 2 Miles
of the Vessel that was seen Yest^dy at which time, She
[tooltip color=”grey” text=”To hoist and display the ship’s flag.”] hoisted her Colour’s [/tooltip] and began to [tooltip color=”grey” text=”To signalise is to make contact by use of signal flags.”] Signalize [/tooltip], that was
duly answer’d by us, however at Noon, She commenced
[tooltip color=”grey” text=”To signalise is to make contact by use of signal flags.”] signalizeing [/tooltip] again, but being then to [tooltip color=”grey” text=”The direction from which the wind blows. The other direction is termed ‘leeward’.”] Windward [/tooltip] of her
we could not see them distinctly, and therefore bore down
towards her, so as to get within hail, but this it appeared
greatly alarm’d them, as their Cap^t inform’d us, that seeing
so many People on Deck, he did not like our appearance
at all, and had got everything ready for Action, if required,
of which they soon gave us a proof, and by discharging a lot
of [tooltip color=”grey” text=”A muzzle-loaded, smooth bore long gun, fired from the shoulder.”] Muskets [/tooltip], and two [tooltip color=”grey” text=”A sea-term for cannon.”] great Gun’s [/tooltip], She was a pretty
little [tooltip color=”grey” text=”A sailing vessel with two square-rigged masts.”] Brig [/tooltip], called the Mary, of Leith, bound to the Isle
of France,  __________    At 5 P,M, we saw a Whale
not more than a Mile off, playing about, and spouting
Water up into the Air   _________

The Weather remain’d very fine all Yest^dy, untill 11, P,M,
when it came on to blow a heavy Gale of Wind, from S,E,
so strong that the [tooltip color=”grey” text=”A sail immediately above the lowermost sail of a mast and supported by a topmast.”]Fore top Sail[/tooltip], [tooltip color=”grey” text=”The topgallant mast (pronounced and sometimes written t’gallant) is the mast immediately above the topmast, or an extension of the topmast. See ships’ rigging for further discussion.”]Top gall^t Sail[/tooltip], [tooltip color=”grey” text=”A triangular sail carried on a rope stay running between the foremast and the jib boom, an extension of the bowsprit.”]Jib[/tooltip],
and [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Rather than a foresail permanently secured to the fore yard, the John Pirie had a square-sail which was hoisted to the yard when required.”]Square sail[/tooltip], were taken in, and the [tooltip color=”grey” text=”The mainsail is the lowest sail on the mainmast, as is the fore-sail on the foremast.”]Main sail[/tooltip],
close [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Seafarers reduce sails in strong winds so that ships can move more safely and comfortably. Sails are made with rows of small ropes attached to them and these are tied around spars to reduce the amount of sail exposed to the wind. The amount of sail taken in by securing one set of ropes is called a reef. The action of reducing sails is called reefing and the knot that is used to tie the ropes is called a reef knot. In light winds all the reefs are taken out and the full size of the sail is exposed to draw full power from the wind. “]reef’d[/tooltip], which has cont^d the whole of this Day, accomp^d
by a tremendious [tooltip color=”grey” text=”A cross sea arises when the waves raised by a gale continue after the wind has changed direction. Continuing changes, such as during a cyclone, may result in the waves rising up in pyramids and sending their tops perpendicularly into the air.”]cross jump of a Sea[/tooltip], that makes the
Vessel, [tooltip color=”grey” text=”A ship pitches when its head plunges up and down under the action of waves.”]pitch[/tooltip] and roll about dreadfully, and causing
her to leak very much, being upon the [tooltip color=”grey” text=”The old term for the left hand side of a ship looking forward. The right hand side is starboard. To avoid mis-hearing an order, it is now referred to as ‘port’”]larboard[/tooltip] [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Ships could not sail directly into the wind, but they could sail across it at an angle. So, to move forward in the direction of the wind they set a zigzag course, sailing across the wind at alternating angles. That procedure was called tacking.”]Tack[/tooltip]   ___

The Gale cont^d rageing with unabated fury the whole
of last Night, but at 8, A,M, it became a little more
moderate, and the close [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Seafarers reduce sails in strong winds so that ships can move more safely and comfortably. Sails are made with rows of small ropes attached to them and these are tied around spars to reduce the amount of sail exposed to the wind. The amount of sail taken in by securing one set of ropes is called a reef. The action of reducing sails is called reefing and the knot that is used to tie the ropes is called a reef knot. In light winds all the reefs are taken out and the full size of the sail is exposed to draw full power from the wind. “]reef’d[/tooltip] [tooltip color=”grey” text=”a sail immediately above the lowermost sail of a mast and supported by a topmast.”]Fore top Sail[/tooltip] was set,
although the Wind, which is now due East, has still kept
blowing very strong, in the [tooltip color=”grey” text=”A squall is a sudden, sharp increase in wind speed.”]Squall’s[/tooltip], all this Day,
During the Night, we crossed the [tooltip color=”grey” text=”The imaginary line dividing the tropics from the rest of the southern hemisphere, and marking the limit of the sun’s apparent movement southwards during summer. The northern limit is the Tropic of Cancer.”]Line of Capricorn[/tooltip],
in about 29E40’ West [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Longitude is the distance, measured in degrees, of the meridian on which a point lies to the meridian of Greenwich. On the other side of the earth to Greenwich is a point with a longitude of both 180 degrees east and 180 degrees west.”]Longitude[/tooltip]    _________

… ________  The late high Winds have cool’d
the Air very much indeed, which is uncommonly grate-
-ful to us, after being almost stew’d Alive, for a Month,
besides making our Butter run to an Oil, and
Candles unable to stand upright, without having
props to support them   _____________

During last Night, the Wind gradually veer’d round
to the Northward, and having had a fine Breeze, from
that Quarter, all this Day, we consider ourselves now to
be out of the S,E, [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Regular winds which move towards the equator within or near the tropics, the earth’s rotation dragging them such that in the northen hemisphere they blow from the north-eastward and in the southern from the south-eastward.”] Trade Winds[/tooltip]    ___________
Mrs Chandler being greatly recover’d, from the effects
of her late attempt of drowning, the Cap^t has given her
Husband strict orders, that whenever She comes upon
Deck, his is to watch her closely, as it is not improbable
That She might make another attempt   _________

There has been a smart Breeze all Night, and the
whole of this Day from N,N,W, causing our Vessel to
run at the rate of 7 or 8 [tooltip color=”grey” text=”The speed of ship or wind in nautical miles per hour. A float is dropped overboard and the speed is indicated by the rate at which the ship sails away from it. Spacing of knots in the log-line connected to the float is in same proportion to a mile as the half-minute sandglass used is to an hour, thus the number knots counted off in the time is the speed in knots.”] Knots [/tooltip] an Hour, in a S,E,
direction, which Course, is something new to us, after
having been Steering to the S,Westards, ever since leaving
Dartmouth, untill the last, two or three Days

… _____    I am very sorry to say M^rs Chandler is again
very Ill, having violent pains in her Side, and Head,
accomp^d with a dreadful Cough

We have had most delightful Weather since Monday, with a gentle Air of Wind from the S,Westward, untill Yestdy Eveng when it became nearly Calm for a few Hour’s, but at 11, P,M, a fine little Breeze sprang up from N,N,W, which gradually increased towards Noon of this Day, into a smart steady Wind, sending […]

There has been a [tooltip color=”grey” text=”A gentle wind, which can be described fancifully as ‘clever’, ‘smart’, ‘fine’ or ‘fresh’.”] clever Breeze [/tooltip] from the N,Westward
since Thursday, during all which time we have never
gone less than from 8, to 9, [tooltip color=”grey” text=”The speed of ship or wind in nautical miles per hour. A float is dropped overboard and the speed is indicated by the rate at which the ship sails away from it. Spacing of knots in the log-line connected to the float is in same proportion to a mile as the half-minute sandglass used is to an hour, thus the number knots counted off in the time is the speed in knots.”] Knots an Hour [/tooltip], but this Even^g
the Wind has increased to a strong Gale, putting us under
[tooltip color=”grey” text=”Under suitably reduced sail in preparation for expected conditions, such as meeting a gale.”] snug Canvas [/tooltip],   _________     Mess^rs Powell, and Tindall,
thought proper to have a few Blow’s, at each other Yest^dy,
arising from an old Grudge between them, but they were
speedily separated, each having got a slight Wound, in
his Face   _________   This afternoon our Cap^t order’d
Powell, (who always stands Butcher) to kill the Sow, that
was purchased at Dartmouth, for the purpose of giving
all the People, a fresh [tooltip color=”grey” text=”A fresh serving of food.”] Mess [/tooltip], to-morrow   _______
M^rs Chandler still continues dangerously “Ill”, and this
Morn^g it was deem’d advisable to take half a Pint of
Blood from her   ________________

…    ____   This Morn^g
at Day-light there was a Vessel abreast of us, about 3 Mls
distant, and at 9, A,M, we [tooltip color=”grey” text=”To hoist and display the national flag to establish that this was a British ship.”] hoisted our Colours [/tooltip], which were im-
mediately answer’d, but She being then a considerable way ahead,
very kindly [tooltip color=”grey” text=”To ‘heave to’ is to reduce a ship’s sails and adjust them so they counteract each other and stop the ship making progress. It is a safety measure used to deal with strong winds.”] hove-too [/tooltip], untill we got within hail of her, and
proved to be the Mary Bibby, of Liverpool, bound to Bom-
-bay, She was a neat little, full rigged [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Ship can be a confusing term because it actually has two meanings. Its common meaning is an ocean-going vessel that is larger than a boat. When used in that sense, a ship can be rigged in many different ways. In strict maritime usage ship also has a second meaning. It names a specific type of rig. A ship has a bowsprit and three masts and it carries square sails on all three masts.”] Ship [/tooltip], and being
only in [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Any dense heavy material, such as lead, placed in the hold of a ship to help weigh it down and increase stability.”] Ballast [/tooltip] trim, sailed very fast, but they could
not give us any account, of the Lady Mary Pelham  ____
At 11, A,M, another Vessel came in sight, a great distance
[tooltip color=”grey” text=”To be any distance behind a vessel.”] Astern [/tooltip] us, steering the same Course as ourselves,  ____
Those are the only Ships we have seen, since speaking
the Mary of Leith on the 4^th In^st,  _________ …

… __________    M^rs Chandler con-
-tinues getting worse every Day, in despite of all the
care and attention that is paid to her, for I am sure
She does not want any thing, that can be obtain’d on
board of this Vessel, which is thought advisable for her
to take, such as Gruel, Sago, Wine, Medicine &c,
but She is quite delirious at intervals, and the smell
that comes from her Breath, is uncommonly strong, and
most disagreeably sickening   __________

There has been a gentle Air of Wind, with occasional Calm’s, since Monday Night, untill this Morng at 7 O’Clock, when it veer’d round in a smart little Breeze, from S,E, which kept increasing all Day, and at 8, P,M, caused a reef to be taken in the Sails  _____   Our Sheep consumed the last […]

We have had a strong Wind all Night, and at 7, A,M, it flew round to the N,Eastward, but contd Squally the whole Day, accompd by a great deal of Rain, and terrible cross Jump of a Sea,    _________    At 8 P,M, our Vessel was (by calculation) in the same Parallel of Longitude as the […]

… In the very height of the Gale, about 8, P,M, M^rs Chan-
-dler departed this Life, after having endured very much indeed,
by severe Pain’s, which for the last two or three Days,
have been principally in her Head and Breast,   _____
She was quite sensible a few Minutes before her Death,
and seem’d in a very despondent state of Mind, respecting
the future Welfare of her Soul, however, we may rest per-
-fectly satisfied that the Lord, will measure out, the rewards
of all his Creatures, in the strictest Scale of Justice, and
therefore it does not become us to Judge any One, but trust
to the unerring wisdom of our merciful Redeemer

The Wind gradually lower’d after Midnight, and at 8, A,M, was
nearly a [tooltip color=”grey” text=”Without wind.”] Calm [/tooltip], with the most beautiful clear Sky, but the Sea
still very rough   ________    At which time the Body of M^rs
Chandler was committed to the Deep, it was sew’d up in two or
three old Sack’s, with a weight of old Iron, (in a Bag), made
fast to the Feet, for the purpose of making it sink  _______
On this melancholly occasion, all the People were muster^d on
the [tooltip color=”grey” text=”The quareterdeck was the deck between the main mast and the back of the ship.It was sometimes raised to give more headroom to the cabins below it. In sailing ships the quarterdeck was the place from which the captain commanded the ship.It was the custom in most ships that only officers would use the quarterdeck. The crew would only go there for specific duties or to take instructions.”] Quarter Deck [/tooltip], where the Cap^t read over the Burial service
of the Church of England,  ______    It is rather singular that
it was 8, O’Clock in the Morn^g of June 2^d when this Woman
threw herself into the Sea, and at the same Hour of July 2^d
her Remains were thrown overboard, and both Morn^gs being
remarkably bright and clear, after having had heavy Rain,
and Wind, the previous Night   _______     …

We have had a smart Northerly Breeze, ever since Saturday, with fine Weather, untill 10, O’Clock last Night, when the Wind shifted to W,N,W, and blew a heavy Gale, which has contd the whole of this Day, accompd with pelting Shower’s, of Rain, and an exceeding rough Sea   _________

At 10, O’Clock, on Tuesday Night, the weather became quite moderate, and sometimes nearly a Calm, that lasted untill 10, O’Clock, last Night, when a smart little Breeze, sprang up from N,W, but which kept increasing untill it blew a strong Gale, and at 4, A,M, the Sails were reef’d  ___

The Wind contd to blow very heavy, the whole of Yestdy and last Night, from the N,Westward, but at 2, A,M, it veer’d round to S,W, in a sudden Squall, and has re- -main’d in that Art all Day, however it became a great deal more moderate towards Noon, and at 10, P,M, had lower’d […]

We had light variable Airs of Wind, and Calm’s, all Night, but at 6, A,M, a gentle Breeze, arose from the Northward, which gradually freshen’d untill it blew very strong, and at 4, P,M, the Sails were reef’d  ___ There has been an uncommon heavy Sea, sweeping along from the S,Westward, these last two Days, […]

The Wind cont^d Squally from the S,W, accomp^d
with cold Weather, untill last Night, when it became
moderate, and veer’d round to South, but has been
nearly a Calm, the whole of this Day  ________
On Monday we got a place, contrived down below, for
the two poor Ram’s (where the Carpenter, Second Mate,
and T, Waldron, live) as there is not hieght enough, in
the Pen’s for them to stand, without chafeing their Backs
against the top part of it, and during the many Gales
of Wind, that we have lately experienced, they have been
very much bruised, by tumbling about, upon the Deck’s,
On Monday our Cook likewise took very Ill, of Pains, in all
his Limbs,  ____   and Yest^dy the chief Mate, also became
very unwell, they are both confined to their Beds,  _____
But their is One of our Passenger’s, call’d James Jones, who
has been almost, a constant Customer, to the Medicine Chest,
ever since we left Dartmouth   ______________

The Rams are uncommonly weak, not having
taken any nourishment, for the last 10 Days, except
what has been given to them, by means of a Bottle, and
the little Ewes, have again suffer’d, most severely in the
late Gales, indeed it is really astonishing, how these
poor Animals survive, after enduring so many hardships
being almost continually Wet, and Cold, besides when the
Sea’s, some rushing upon the Deck, in Gales of Wind,
they are for a while, almost overhead in Water, and dread-
-fully knocked about, by the violent rolling, and pitching
of the Vessel

The Rain contd without the least intermission, all Thursday Night, but at 6, A,M, of Yestdy it clear’d up, Yet, still remains very unsettled, sometimes We have it fine, and pleasant, for an Hour, or two, together, then a black Cloud will come, sweeping over our Heads, in a violent Squall, from the Westward, pelting […]

Our Cook is quite recover’d again, and resumed his occu-
-pation on Friday  ________    During his illness, the
Cooking has been done by Joseph Jones, who has been
very useful indeed, in many respects, since we left
Dartmouth, having fill’d, even the situation of a
Seaman, at two or three different times, for 10, or 12,
Days together, in the place of Sailors, that have been
unwell, and I understand, that Cap^t Martin, intends
to remunerate him, for his services  ___   besides this
Young Man, I consider that, Halford, Chandler,
Powell, and Tindal, have been the most industrious
and willing, of all the Company’s servants, during
our Passage, that are on board, of this Vessel  ____

During all Sunday Night, the Wind kept veering round, and Yestdy Morng became due South, from which Art, we contd to have a clever Breeze, untill this Morng when it lower’d to a gentle Air, that remain’d untill 4, P,M, and then fell nearly a Calm   _____________ Thos Waldron has been very ill indeed, of Dysentery, ever since […]

We had light variable Airs, and Calm’s, all Tuesday Night, but on Wednesday Morng, a gentle Breeze, sprang up from N,N,E, which kept increasing untill the Eveng, and then blew very strong from N,E, causing a reef to be taken in the Sails at 6,P,M,  ___  however at Noon of Yestdy it lower’d a little, […]

At 11, O’Clock, on Friday Night, we had a dead Calm, that contd untill 6, A,M, of Saturday, when a gentle Breeze sprang up from the Southward, but did not remain long, and since which time, there has been nothing but Calm’s with occasional light and variable Wind’s, untill Yestdy at Noon, when a gentle […]

________   At 9, A,M, we rounded Point
Marsden, and had the pleasure of seeing two Barques
at Anchor in “Nepean Bay”, which proves to be
the “Duke of York”, and “Lady Mary Pelham’,
they had arr^d about 3 Weeks before us  ____
In the course of an Hour, we were visited by
Sm^l Stephens Esq^r, C,M, [Company Manager] who was saluted with
three times three Cheer’s, and shortly afterwards a
Boat came from each of the Vessels, in one of
which was Cap^t Morgan of the “Duke of York”, who
undertook to be our Pilot, and at 3, P,M, we were
safely Anchor’d in a well shelter’d Roadstead, not
more than a Mile, distant from the Shore, and
right abreast, of the Company’s Tents, at the “New-
-Colony” of “South Australia”   _____

Salt Lagoon Station,
Kangaroo Island, S^o Australia.

Aug^st 24^th 1836, Four of the Companys Labourers and myself were
sent up to the Salt Lagoon, for the purpose of erecting Sheds
and making a Fence round two small plots of Ground, for the
live Stock, which have all to come up here, there being plenty
of both Water & Grass at present, and where it is intended to
establish a permanent[tooltip color=”grey” text=”The South Australian Company’s whaling station.”] Station [/tooltip]  _________

Aug^st 29^th On Saturday Even^g all the Men went down to Kingscote
for their Wages and fresh supplies of Provision, leaving me quite
alone untill this Afternoon (Monday) when two of them came back
named Bates & Powell, with a few Sheep, Pigs and grey Peas,
but the other two Men call’d Jones, who are Brothers (and were brought
out, in the “John Pirie”) refused to come with the “Stock”, because
M^r Stephens would not allow them, to bring any Spirituous Liquours.
The Man Bates mentiond above, has been 13 Years on this
Island, and is a very active, civil sort of Fellow _________

Augst 30th This Afternoon all the Merino Sheep came from Kingscote but have been most dreadfully ill used by the Persons who had charge of them across the Bay to this Station, indeed two Rams 1 Ewe, and a Lamb are nearly lifeless, having entirely loss’d the use of their Limbs, by being roughly drag’d […]

Augst 31st I had the three unfortunate Sheep & Lamb, laying by the Fire all Night, and find the Ewe & Lamb, considerably better this Morng being able to stand upon their Legs, and eat a little choice Grass, but One of the Rams is dead, & the other not much better  _______   I therefore […]

Sept 1st Mr Stephens paid us a visit to Day, and brought with him a Man, calld Mitchell, to attend upon the Stock __

Sept 2d At Noon a Boat arrd from Kingscote, with a few Oats, and a Ram, & Sow, that could not be seen, when they brought the others on Monday last  ________

Sept 5th At Noon, Bates & Powell (who had gone to Kingscote on Saturday) arrd here, and as it Rain’d considerably in the Afternoon, very little Work was done  ________

Sept 6th The Sheep sheds being finish’d at Noon, Powell assisted by Mitchell, commenc’d erecting himself a Cottage  ___

Sept 8th Yestdy G. Bates began building me a Cottage, and to Day Mitchell took so very unwell, as to be obliged to leave of Work in the Forenoon  ______

Sept 9th Mr Stephens came up to this Station, he had a Lot of Tools in the boat for us, after remaining here a short time, he left, taking Mitchell along with him  ________

Sept 10th During last Night, the other poor Merino Ram that came up from Kingscote in such a miserable condition died, his Loins were very much bruised, and Kidneys swell’d, which I have no doubt was caused by the rough usage he experienced in the Journey to this Station the 30th Ult

Sep^t 12^th At Noon Bates & Powell came from Kingscote
having been there all Night, and were accomp^d by a Man named
Chandler, who came to fill the place of Mitchell, in the After-
-noon Powell was assisted by Chandler building his own Cottage
and Bates was engaged along with myself, looking for the
Merino Sheep, which had stray’d away, but found them again
before it was quite Dark _________

Sept 13th Chandler & Bates were engaged at my Cottage, and Powell at his own, the whole of this Day  _______

Sept 14th Mr Stephens paid us a visit to Day, accompd by the Captain of the Cygnet, and left 2 She Goats, and 2 Sow’s belonging that Vessel, to recruit here a while  _____

Sept 16th Powell having been engaged at his own Cottage, all the Week, finished it this Eveng

Sep^t 17^th Bates & Chandler have been busy at my Cottage
since Tuesday last, and to Day were assisted by Powell, in
the Even^g they all went to Kingscote, leaving me again quite alone

Sep^t 19^th The Men arr^d here at Noon, and were accomp^d by
Powells Wife, and Chandlers Children, they were all employ’d the
remainder of the Day, getting up their Chests, Bedding &c, to this
Station from the Beach   _______

Sep^t 20^th Chandler commenced erecting himself a Cottage, and
to Day was assisted by Powell, The Merino Sheep having
strayed away Yest^dy Even^g, G. Bates and his two Women
have been employ’d seeking them all this Day, without success __

Sept 21st The Merino’s were found this Forenoon in the Woods, at a considerable distance from here, and on their arrival, were secured by Cords to Tethering Irons — At Noon the Boat arrd from the “John Pirie” with all my Traps, except 2 Casks of Iron &c, which are landed at Kingscote and in […]

Sept 22d Chandler assisted by Powell, has been employ’d at his own Cottage Yestdy Forenoon and all this Day, but cannot finish it untill we get some Rope Yarns from Kingscote

Sep^t 24^th Powell and Chandler have been engaged all Yest^dy
& this Day, strengthening the Sheep Sheds, and commenced putting
a good strong Fence round the two Paddocks as the temporary ones
that were made at our first coming here, have become of no use whatever
to keep in the Sheep…

Sept 26th Chandler was employ’d the Forenoon among the live Stock and Powell at the new Fence — G. Bates arrd from Kingscote at Noon, and bringing with him a few Rope Yarns

Sept 29th Chandler assisted by Powell, having been employd at his own Cottage for the last 3 Days, finish’d it this Eveng

Oct 1^st This Morn^g I got G. Bates to Saw off part of a
Horn, from One of the Merino Rams, in order to get at a Wound
that was underneath it, and which the Animal rec^d on the
first Day of being Tether’d by plunging about to get his
liberty, when the Cord slip’d under his Horn and cut his Neck
severely, since which time it has cont^d getting worse, on acc^t
of not being able to apply any remedy, for the above mention’d
piece of Horn being right upon the part most Wounded —
Powell and Chandler have been engaged at the new Fence, Yest^dy
and to Day, while G. Bates has been employ’d among the
Stock and sometimes at the Fence, during all the Week, but
this Even^g left us to accompany M^r Stephens, on a visit
to the Main-Land with which he is well acquainted  _______